Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa)
North American plant used for menopausal symptoms. Contrary to long-held belief, it does not act as an oestrogen: its mechanisms are non-oestrogenic serotonergic and GABAergic. Recognised by the EMA for hot flashes and mood. Contraindicated with a history of hormone-dependent cancer and hepatic conditions due to a documented hepatotoxicity signal.
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