Astaxanthin

Marine carotenoid produced by microalgae (particularly Haematococcus pluvialis) and present in wild salmon and crustaceans. Its unique molecular structure allows it to anchor into cell membranes and protect them from both inside and outside. Its antioxidant capacity is estimated at 6000 times that of vitamin C according to ORAC measurements. Used in supplementation for photoprotection and skin anti-ageing.

A 2024 critical review (Nutrients, Queen et al., PMC10975052) concludes there are positive effects on cognitive function and neuroprotection. An antioxidant that crosses the blood-brain barrier, with an excellent safety profile across all clinical trials to date. Large-scale studies remain insufficient for definitive recommendations.