Photoaging

Premature skin ageing caused by chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV rays induce free radical production, degrade collagen and elastin via matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activation, and cause DNA mutations in keratinocytes. Manifestations include deep wrinkles, pigmentation spots, loss of elasticity, telangiectasia and increased skin cancer risk. Daily photoprotection remains the most effective documented prevention measure.