Chronic stress
The brain perceives a chronic threat and activates the HPA axis.
Elevated cortisol
The adrenals continuously secrete cortisol. Metabolism becomes dysregulated.
Insulin resistance
Cortisol induces insulin resistance. The pancreas compensates by producing more.
Elevated leptin
Hyperinsulinism stimulates leptin production by visceral adipose tissue.
Stimulated aromatase
Leptin activates aromatase, the enzyme that converts androgens into estrogens in adipose tissue.
Increased circulating estrogens
Peripherally-produced estrogens stimulate breast ERa receptors, independently of the ovaries.
Acting on this cascade
Physical activity
Resistance exercise reduces insulin, leptin and local aromatase activity.
Low-GI diet
Reducing refined sugars lowers hyperinsulinism. Fiber reduces estrogen recirculation.
Stress management
Cardiac coherence measurably reduces cortisol and interrupts the cascade at its source.
Educational content based on peer-reviewed scientific publications. Does not replace medical advice.