Microglia

Resident immune cells of the central nervous system, representing approximately 10 to 15% of brain cells. Microglia continuously monitor the brain environment and eliminate cellular debris, pathogens and abnormal proteins such as beta-amyloid plaques. When chronically activated, they become a major source of neuroinflammation, contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Diet quality and sleep directly influence their activation state.