Insulin resistance

State in which body cells respond less efficiently to insulin, the hormone allowing glucose to enter cells. The pancreas compensates by producing more insulin (hyperinsulinaemia), maintaining glycaemia within normal values initially. Long-term, insulin resistance is a precursor to type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. It is promoted by sedentary lifestyle, excess visceral fat, chronic consumption of fast sugars and added fructose, and sleep deprivation.